How EHR (Electronic Health Record) will benefit patients and Research Paper

How EHR (Electronic Health Record) will benefit patients and Healthcare providers - Research Paper Example of information at the point of care, 88% reporting improved clinical benefits while 75% reporting that EHRs allows them to deliver better patient care. The paper finally provides a conclusion and summary of how the adoption of EHRs can be enhanced. Our current society is so far a technology advanced society that is characterized by sophisticated computing technologies ever. This society has need radically transformed by the ever evolving digital technology. Majority of us use these devices daily which include web enabled devices, tablets, smartphones which have greatly transformed the way we communicate and interact on a daily basis. Additionally, technologies such as social-networking, mobile computing and cloud computing have enhanced the way we interact in the current society. The medical field is a very information rich field that greatly requires a steady, reliable flow to allow effective participation and service delivery. This flow of information is enabled by information systems and automation of the process in health care facilities. This makes the really needed information available whenever and wherever it is needed. The key to effective service delivery in many crucial sectors in the economy is currently dependent on the automation of the processes in these sectors. The health care provision is a vital sector in the economy that must be automated to effectively provide health care services. Health care facilities have been adopting automation and using information systems in the recent past. These systems are used for different purposes in these facilities given the diverse nature of the health facilities. Some of these systems include the Electronic Health Records systems. An electronic Health Record is defined as a digital version of the manual patient card, sheet or chart. The Electronic Heath Records are patient centered records that are real time and make availability of information to authorized users instant and timely. The use of these

Position Paper Contrarian's Guide to Leadership Essay

Position Paper Contrarian's Guide to Leadership - Essay Example Traditionally, leaders have been evaluated on the basis of their charisma, attitude, and ability. That is the "boxed-in", prevailing mindset society harbors when quantifying leadership. However, more contemporary views see leadership as the end result of a dynamic interaction between leader and follower, a "collaborative endeavor" between those embroiled in the process (Rost, 1993:12) However we may define leadership, what is infinitely clear is the fact that society has these preconceived notions about what a "good" leader should be. There are some though, who offer a differing perspective on the concept of leadership. In "The Contrarian's Guide To Leadership", Steven Sample argues that leadership is not necessarily measured in black and white. Better known as the current president of the University of Southern California, Sample dissects traditional leadership "values" and professes that leadership is a dynamic, unpredictable entity that is context-dependent and evolving. In line with today's rapidly changing times, leadership can no longer be limited to the predictability and rigidity of the past. Not to detract anything from past leaders of historical lore, but just because one was successful in a different era does not necessarily translate into success in the current one. The dictates of contemporary society need leaders who are flexible, and are not bound by a certain mode of thinking. These are the individuals who will react to situations objectively and creatively, and will use original ideas in asserting their independence en route to solving relevant problems and issues. The aforementioned constitute the hallmarks of the aptly termed "contrarian" perspective of leadership. According to Sample (2002), the contrarian perspective "doesn't mean counter to all conventional wisdom. Indeed, much of it is true. But, you can't become an effective leader by trying to mimic a famous leader of the past. So, you can't develop your full leadership potential, or even fully appreciate the art of leadership by slavishly adhering to conventional wisdom. The key is to break free, if only fleetingly" (p.1) Adopting a contrarian approach ensures that one is looking at things from a fresh and highly adaptable point of view, one that will bode well for the challenges of today. At the forefront of the contrarian framework lies the concept of "thinking gray". Leaders who adopt this maintain their independence by "thinking free" and refusing to think like the people surrounding them. For instance, conventional wisdom dictates that good, efficient leaders make rash, impulsive, and hopefully brilliant decisions. On the other hand, contrarian wisdom offers that leaders should deliberately weigh all sides to an issue, hence arriving at a highly objective, thorough and carefully thought out decision. By nature, people would usually look at things in binary terms - black and white, right or wrong, true or false, et. al. It must be put into consideration though that there will always be "gray" areas somewhere along the point of contention. Nothing can be truly quantified as being absolutely true or absolutely false; there is always something that can be further perused and dissected in order to

The Bmw As A Manufacturing Company Marketing Essay

The Bmw As A Manufacturing Company Marketing Essay The main headquarters of the BMW group is based in Munich, Germany. It produces premium-class cars in eights of manufacturing plants globally. A successful strategy to target huge market provide huge amount of income for the company.BMW dealerships send trade-ins to wholesale auctions and made all their money from car sale, parts and service. The supply and distribution of finished cars to the global markets provide income to the company. The company determines the investments needed in production departments by using the self-financing strategy, and obtaining operating investments mainly from cash flow. Therefore, its yearly cash flow determines its yearly investment budget, which is the upper limit for investment expenditures. Investments budgets are reduced accordingly in order to replace equipments. Financial services segment focuses on leasing automobiles and financing credit for customers and dealers. BMW Manufacturing opened an onsite pharmacy for its associates.The on-site pharmacy will allow BMW to continue to offer competitive pharmacy benefits for associates and help curtail rising drug prescription costs, stated Bunny Richardson, a spokeswoman for BMW. Costs: The BMW as a manufacturing company made costs when upgrading its plants and other facilities globally. The BMW experience high running costs in keeping with the quality of the craftsmanship of the products, as they have a good reputation known for their better value.Free maintenance costs provided to customers which normally covers everything except tires so as to keep its reputation with regard to cost of ownership.there is high costs in allocating a new product to a certain plant, for buildings, and for expanding equipment that the new product shares with existing products, hence, high levels of automation are not profitable in countries with low labor costs.raw material costs: Natural fiber display excellent mechanical properties are light in weight and nevertheless stable and they reduce the burden on the environment but they are very expensive. What measures of performance are applicable to the industry? Reliability of Delivery: The BMW group introduced an online ordering system in 1998 which gives dealers the option of showing customers their desired car on the screen and confirming the delivery date on the spot. It takes only less than three months to build a car according to user specification including delivery. Delivery leads time: In 2000 BMW strengthens its position as the market leader in the premium segment of automobiles. By 2002, BMW stood second in the premium segment automobile market, next to Lexus. Quality and reliability of product: BMW is USING new ways to give their product a more unique identity and provide to clients products that gives them satisfaction.BMW makes sure that qualified personnel are available in a foreign countries and the positive effect on its image of production in Germany (made in Germany). Capacity to produce required volumes: BMW adopted a product offensive strategy TO flood the automobile market with a new product every three months and use d edicated assembly lines for mass production. Product flexibility: Allocating several products to one plant makes it easier to balance its utilization, and producing large-volume gives the firm the flexibility to cope with varying demand. Price: to achieve good financial status BMW offers prices that are unique from the price offering the competitors offer. Cars are priced very differently in the various national markets. The customers that are in the target group are happy to pay a premium price for what they perceive as a premium product (Thompson, (1996). Value chain for the industry(BMW) Value system for BMW Environmental factors that may influence the industry Political: Politics can have an influence on companies in an industry (Cheverton 2004). One example is the German value added tax increase from 16 to 19.BMW company makes sure they are aware of the political situation of the country so as to get good reputation, and trust .Economic In Germany, challenges such as currency fluctuations, above-average raw material prices AND the increased petrol prices lead to a reduced car demand (Bernhardt and Kinnear 2006, BMW Group 2006). However, The Company can be said to be economically stable for the past years, thats why they try to improve their products to give the best to their clients. Socio-Cultural: on average older population in European countries forces car manufacturers to develop new strategies in relation to their target groups (Cheverton 2004, FTD online 2006b). A generally lower average income may lead to lower demand for cars, especially in the luxury segment Technological: The Company offered new innovations in the technological sector and introduced new concepts with regards to the car engine industry. The company makes sure that the products they have are updated with regards to technology and if new technologies emerge they can compete with these products. Activity 2: Establishing Company Direction (10 marks) How would you describe the Ethos and Aims? The aims of BMW are to sell and make money and be ahead of the competition.BMW company aims to make driving a pleasure. The driver must always be in the loop, thats central to the BMW ethos, people buy an m5 because its fun to drive and those impulses wont change. Our cars must also be safe, stylish and reliable. says Freymann. The marketing plan for the entire company aims to outline and analyses opportunities for the company to be recognized as the automobile market leader globally so as a way of strengthening its competitive position. Based on this, recommendations for the future direction and implementation of the marketing-mix will be given. BMW group aims to support products through financial products and services offered to consumers throughout centers globally. In addition, customer relationship is enhanced by offering comprehensive banking and insurance services tailored for the prospective customers. The aims are very important to BMW because they shape the personality of the organization. They affect the way the company work, provide services and products, and support to the people. There is a clear aim for the BMW organization in providing quality long lasting customer service. Employees and customer are regarded as the first priority in order to continue successful growth and reputation of the company. How would you describe the Strategic Vision? The vision statement of BMW read as follows uniqueness through diversity, leadership, taking risk, courteous. The statement clearly implies that the company has a great commitment by providing professional management by carrying out and aiming to support complicated industrial production systems. The company encourages employees to work professionally and always aiming for the success of the company. The vision clearly shows that employs are trained in a very successful and highly innovative place to maximize the strong relationship to employee and customer satisfaction. What can you deduce from their Mission Statement about what they are seeking to achieve? The mission statement of BMW read as follows to become most successful premium manufacturer in the car industry. This clearly shows that the company has been for many years continued to keep its own reputation as a leader in production of premium cars with high quality. The purpose, mission and future success of the company focuses on the provision of high customer service satisfaction. Employees are very committed and work together as an integrated organization to represent a community that will be able to represent a BMW automobile company with pride and always ahead of the game. Describe the apparent Corporate Strategy for the implementation of that Mission and Vision. In the competitive compact where there is very high customer demands and hope from automobile manufacturers, the BMW proved to customer that it is a premium manufacturer by launching new products such as sports car. The corporate strategy is good but some implementations need to be included such considering adjustments for the marketing needs. The products possess a very good specification but the potential problem can be caused by the prices of the products in relation to what the competitors offer. The mission shows that serious suggestions can be included to increase the sustainability of the company as the premium manufacturer in this highly competitive sector. Hence increasing the long term customer relationship, good opportunities for technical development by the support of research and development measures, an strengthening the development of new distribution and dealership channels Can you identify any Strategic Inflection Points that have affected the sector? As the bigger contributor to the manufacturing sector in German the company achieved its success and trust from a long time but this long tradition was not easy. Dating back to around 1945 the company was doing well in manufacturing and production of aero engines but in later years the market for engines was not good and promising as the company experienced some financial problems. While German recovery form economic recession through the 1950s, the company was not able to be productive as it faced financial problems and it depended on Mercedes Benz company financial recourses in order to keep its sustainably position in the manufacturing sector. The BMW was later helped by Herbert Quant as a strong partner and this finally enabled the company to find a highly productive market such as saloon cars. The saloon cars market almost strengthens the position of BMW as we see, today, the BMW business is structured to maximize its retail margins. Designers continue to use the materials and technologies to improve performance and ensure safe passage BMW is an example of a survivor who stood the test of time and developed from a failing company to one of the most successful firm. Activity 3: Industry and competitive analysis (15 marks) Carry out a competitive analysis of your industry sector from the perspective of your chosen company or organisation: What are the dominant economic factors for the sector? Market size: nowadays, the current car manufacturing sector is so big and there are different main automotive manufacturers such as BMW, Audi, Acura, Mercedes Benz, and Lexus. Other competitors include Volkswagen, Toyota, Ford, and Honda. There was economic recession prior to the world war caused small automobile companies such as Toyota, Honda, Ford to come together and share the market in automobile manufacturing. After the period of war there was a rapid automobile growth as the new infrastructures were being set up such as roads and countries continued to become more developed. Scope of competitive rivalry: in the nineties automobile manufacturing sector increase tremendously to be more globalised because there was new openings of international plants and extensive strong link between big automobile manufacturers such as BMW and Mercedes Benz. It is an industry that encompasses the entire globe, as well as the areas of production and distribution, aftermarket. Rivals and their relative size of rivals: BMWs main competitors are Audi, Acura, Mercedes Benz, and Lexus. BMW has successfully set the benchmark for prestige motoring since the 1980s, creating a standard now fiercely contested by other manufacturers such as Mercedes, Lexus and Audi. Standardised products: all the products produced by BMW, are of the same high standard throughout the world, the opening of international plants provided a good service and support the production of quality automotives similar to those offered by the parent branch in Germany. The company makes sure that it set the standard to all its associated new and existing companies in regard to the manufacturing of car engines.Rapid technological change, technology in the automobile sector is very high so it is the responsibility of manufacturers to keep pace with technical aspects of manufacturing so that their products can be in demand to compete even when new technologies emerge. The automobile manufacturers must adapt the new technologies that are environmentally friendly and does not put society health at risk. Assess the competitive position of the company by reviewing the strength of each of the five competitive forces. Porters five forces Potential entrants: BMW company uses a strategy to respond quickly and flexible to provide customer satisfaction, thus, reducing the influence of potential competitors. The company provide new innovative techniques to serve the clients so that the company can provide a unique product as compared to other competitors, THUS, PREVENTING THEIR INFLUENCE. Competitive rivalry: the competitive rivalry highly influences the company.. The company offer goo d customer relation services, hence, gaining good advantage over rivals. Provision of quality prices prevent client away from competition. The other way to attract customers is to provide promotional services so that customers get a well informed decision about BMW Company. Substitutes: BMW Company proves to clients that they offer quality products and service that is far much better than substitutes so as to prevent substitutes to cause much competition. The company also tries to offer products and services superior than substitutes so that they can attract more clients by offering superior products. Bargaining power of buyers: the company has good customer satisfaction , it keeps customers relationship strong by introducing some new benefits to buyers such seasonal free maintenance where the customer will be assigned with a special employee who will deal together up until the time where the customer is satisfied. the bargaining power of BMW company is very high as it is trusted and tremendously popular among the targeted customers worldwide. Bargaining power of sellers: BMW demonstrate the value of their suppliers so that it can attract other companies to purchase the suppliers products thus their bargaining power increase. This is shown by BMW Company having dealerships, who sell the company cars in wholesales. What is causing the competitive structure and business environment in the sector to change? Technological change: the company offers new technological innovations by introducing new concepts with regards to the car engine industry. It also set the standards for car engine manufacturing so that all products will keep pace with technology and be able to compete with new emerging technologies offered by other competitors in the automotive industry. Changes in societal concerns, attitudes and lifestyles: The Company makes sure that the product they create will emit low emission that can reduce pollution. BMW emphasizes safety among the production of their goods. They make sure that the proper safety standards are followed and there are no hazardous chemicals in the production. Increasing globalization of industry: BMW produce products to meet the global market as it have partner associates and dealerships in all major continents. Regulatory influences and governmental policy changes: BMW makes sure they comply with what the law states in the country; they make sure that they comply with the regulated standards of the country. The company makes sure they are aware of legal needs of the country so as to keep its current reputation to success in the competitive world. Which companies are in the strongest and weakest positions? Companies in the strongest positions: main competitors are BMW, Audi, Acura, Mercedes Benz, and Lexus. Weakest positions: include the like of Toyota, Honda, and Ford. What are the key factors for competitive success in the sector? The automotive industry needs an efficient dealer organization and tight control of manufacturing costs all these are important success factors, using success factors as a filter; the management can then identify the information that is most important to make critical enterprise decisions. Accordingly the decisions made in this manner should be more effective because they are based on data that is specifically linked to the organization linked to the organizations success factors. Activity 4: Evaluating Company Resources (15 marks) Carry out an analysis of the resources and competitive capabilities from the perspective of your chosen company or organisation: How well is the present strategy working? Porters Generic Strategies: The cost leadership strategy of BMW is focused on making sure that the company earns more and spends less. The cost leadership strategy of the company takes a look at how expenses can be minimized without sacrificing the production of the companys product and the quality of product sold to clients. The differentiation strategy of BMW is focused on making sure that the company produces products that are unique. It makes sure that the logo of the company is not only the one that makes products of the company different. It makes sure that the internal and external characteristics of the product make it unique. The segmentation strategy of the company makes sure that it has a selected market that can provide huge amounts of income for the company. What are their resource strengths and weaknesses? Weakness BMWs heavy cost German base might affect the profitability of the company in the long run as more and more competitors shift product development activities to lower cost countries. BMW might be forced to negotiate a way to maintain cost competitiveness and its reputation for German engineering excellence. The planning procedure required a great deal of effort, limiting the comparison of different strategies and the performance of sensitivity analyses with varying data. Planners needed to consider separately capacity for assembling bodies, which is dedicated to single products, and capacity for the paint shop and final assembly line, which all products share. In allocating products to the global production sites, planners did not consider the effects on the global supply chain, in particular the flow of materials from the suppliers to the plant and the flow of finished cars to the markets. BMW realised the deficiencies of its planning process and research employees worked on the proje ct. In first phase, PETER HENRICH (2002) developed a mixed-integer programming model. In a second phase, Sonja Ferber (2005) extended the model to include investment decisions. Strengths: the BMW Group is one of the most successful multi-brand premium cars manufacturers in the automobile industry. The Rolls-Royce phantom holds the number one position in the super-luxury car segment. Moreover, BMW is the only automobile manufacturer possessing three non-overlapping premium car brands in its portfolio. The BMW group on an average spends part of its revenues on research and development, which is one of the highest in the industry. The keen focus on research and development is evidenced by the number of new models the company has released over the past few years. BMW has also developed an innovative array of engines. A companys strengths is its ability to create unique products and to providing high-level customer service. What are the external opportunities and threats facing them? Opportunities: The expansion of the European Union to foreign countries, has converted the European Union into the worlds biggest trading block with a combined population. This offers ample opportunities for BMW to leverage its strong European position in the premium car segment to garner more market share across new and expanding markets. BMWs concerted forays into the Chinese luxury car market portends to an increase in the earnings of the company over the coming years. China already ranks as the third largest market for BMWs 7 Series luxury limousines. BMW predicts that robust growth will place China among the companys seven largest markets in a few more years. This is a significant improvement over the 12th position held by the Chinese market for BMW in 2002. Threats: The continuing decline of the dollar against the euro threatens to undercut BMWs top line thereby tempering its profitability. The rising price of raw materials such as steel threatens to offset the companys earnings. BMWs Used Cars Help to Sell New Cars. In the meantime, dealer margins on new-car sales are thinner than they used to be because of tougher competition and better-informed customers. Therefore, used cars have become a more  important profit center for luxury-car dealers. From your assessment of the resources and competitive capabilities assess the strength of their competitive position Worldwide, the BMW Group is one of the most successful multi-brand premium car manufacturers in the automobile industry. The Rolls-Royce phantom holds the number one position in the super-luxury car segment. Moreover, BMW is the only automobile manufacturer possessing three non-overlapping premium car brands in its portfolio. The company produce a mass production of quality cars within few consecutive years by coming up with creative innovations to satisfy the customer needs and keeping the pace with technology development. What is your assessment of the culture within the company? Will it be supportive to change or not? Miles and Snow published an early article on the cultural classification of organisations in 1978. They classified companies as either defenders or prospectors: therefore, the culture in BMW Company is described as prospectors because the headquarters is located in Germany with many openings around the world, the managers in Germany are always ready to use ideas suggested by their partners in other foreign companies for the development and future successful profits. The automobile market is characterized high sales and profit potential (Muztagh, 2004. Hence the organization is innovative, values risk in order to succeed. So this shows that the culture and spirit of BMW must be kept to continue in order fully compete in the automotive manufacturing sector. Activity 5: Strategy and Competitive Advantage (10 marks a maximum of 2-3 pages per activity) Review the options facing your chosen company in creating a strategy for the future. Review the generic strategies available to your company. Which would be suitable? Porters Generic Strategies: The cost leadership strategy of BMW is focused on making sure that the company earns more and spends less. The cost leadership strategy of the company takes a look at how expenses can be minimized without sacrificing the production of the companys product and the quality of product sold to clients. The differentiation strategy of BMW is focused on making sure that the company produces products that are unique. It makes sure that the logo of the company is not only the one that makes products of the company different. It makes sure that the internal and external characteristics of the product make it unique. The segmentation strategy of the company makes sure that it has a selected market that can provide huge amounts of income for the company. Looking into the future, how may the company seek to achieve cost competitiveness? On the production front, BMW is all set to vamp up its manufacturing capabilities to aid production of new models over the coming years. Overall, the company is set to invest over million pounds in production facilities in Oxford, UK. Further, the company has decided to invest million Euros in its Steyr engine facility over the coming years .Through the introduction of new models, the Group has gained access to new customer groups. Despite challenging economic conditions, the company is the most successful in its history due to record sales volume and earnings. With respect to the auto industry, while some growth is expected in the traditional markets of Europe and Japan, growth is expected to be flat in the largest luxury car market of USA. However, the major emerging markets of Asia and Latin America are expected to witness a robust growth in terms of total number of vehicles sold. The company predicts that the premium car segment will experience stronger growth than the volume segment over the coming years. In this backdrop, BMW is looking to further expand its presence in both traditional and new markets. The high number of models set to be launched during the years is expected to boost the companys top line. Analyses the current core competencies of the company. Skills in manufacturing a high quality product: One of core competencies is the development of combustion engines. During recent years the company has significantly reduced both fuel consumption and emissions in its engines, while simultaneously increasing performance and torque. The latest milestones from these efforts are the first-ever variable- twin-turbocharger diesel power unit in a road vehicle. After-sale service capability: trained team of after-sales consultants and technicians make up the companys best equipped and most experienced service centre. Our Seasonal Inspection Program With BMWs Value Service Packages pricing program, only original BMW warranted parts are utilized, and all packages include a one-year unlimited mileage warranty on parts and labor. Expertise in gasoline engine technology and small engine design; BMW hydrogen technology has already come a long way. Now, together with politicians and the energy industry, the company turned its vision of sustained mobility into reality. BMWs hydrogen engine for its premium saloon is built for dual mode operation. The company provides superb marketing-distribution skills and Research and Development capabilities. Using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats identified in Activity 4, develop a SWOT matrix to determine a set of strategic options for the company.

Fire as technology and influence on society :: essays research papers fc

Fire and Me: A Growing Experience Throughout human history, people have made discoveries and innovations which made their lives easier and more efficient. Many of these creations have advanced our culture, while others have paved the way for future advancements and inspired new ways of thought. One example of this is the discovery of fire, which revolutionized the way humans act and think. Fire has a unique connection to humans, evolving alongside humanity, each growing in ways that wouldn't have been possible without the other. We can only speculate as to how humans began to control fire, yet it can safely be assumed that humans are not the only species able to work with fire. Chimpanzees have been taught to light cigarettes, and orangutans have been observed maneuvering sticks, which they caught on fire, for a short time before the fire burned out (Goudsblom 25). The interesting thing; however, is that fire is universally used by humans (Goudsblom 20). Human cultures which have never had interactions with other human societies have developed control over fire. By control of fire, it is meant that a culture is able to consistently manipulate fire, keeping a fire burning for extended periods of time. This shows humans who have been isolated from all other cultures have learned to control fire themselves, rather than this control of fire being taught to them from an outside source, such as a separate culture which has already harnessed fire. This would imply a natural connection between humans and fire as all humans can control fire, and no other species other than humans have been successful in consistently using fire. Why did primitive man harness fire? At first glance, fire appears to have few natural advantages, and yet has many potentially harmful effects. Fire is destructive, devastating anything which comes across its path. This devastation is irreversible as once something is burned it cannot be returned to its unburned state (Goudsblom Intro). These characteristics are far from attractive, and yet humans, rather than fearing fire, came to adopt it. The adoption of fire could be attributed to several factors which occur during a natural fire. First, game can easily be seen fleeing a fire since the underbrush has been burned away, and some animals can be found killed and cooked by the fire. After a fire has died, warmth can still be found in the embers of the blaze (Goudsblom 14).

Hrm 560

Ethical Issues In HRM Strategy Brandi Hancock HRM 530 Strategic Human Resource Management October 30, 2012 Dr. Lila Jordan Ethical Issues in HRM Strategy Identify areas of overlap in the new client organization with other that you have had as clients When hired as a newly HRM (Human Resource Management) consultant, you must first have understand of the role before beganing assisting with any issues or other areas of overlap.The primary role of a HRM consultant â€Å"is to assist the client to identify needs, develop an action plan and facilitate change to enhance the success of your organization (Welcome to HR Consultants, Inc. , 2009). Management, human resource, and training services are designed to improve productivity, efficiency, and communication and employee morale† (Welcome to HR Consultants, Inc. , 2009). Once you have a thorough understanding of your duties in this role you can successfully develop an action plan that will aid in the implementation of necessary chang es within the organization.Some areas of overlap that you many encounter in a new client organization could include; but not limited to the following: talent acquisition, retention, employee morale, and training. Each of these roles is vital in the successfulness of any organization (Welcome to HR Consultants, Inc. , 2009). As a HRM consultant can acquire the needed talent, effectively train them while instilling the need of excellent employee morale, you will be able to retain these employees keeping, while maintaining a high retention rate.While not all candidates selected will be successful, the important part is that HRM consultants keep and reward those who are (Welcome to HR Consultants, Inc. , 2009). Ethical dilemmas that may arise if you use your expert knowledge of other organizational HRM with the new clients When becoming a new HRM consultant, it’s important to stay away from any ethical issues that may cause harm to your new position at the company you are working for. One of the biggest issues that may arise is sharing proprietary information (Proprietary Information & Competitive Intelligence).When consultants take on new clients, they are available to certain information such as; processes and technologies, strategies, and other confidential information that should remain exclusively with that client. It is important that when consultants take on new clients in competing industries, they are careful not to share any knowledge or information that may be considered proprietary. Sharing or any attempt to divulge such information between companies is considered to be unethical (Proprietary Information & Competitive Intelligence).To protect themselves against information sharing, most companies have employees sign a non-disclosure agreement. â€Å"Companies often require that their employees sign non-competition and proprietary information agreements that restrict what information employees can disclose during their employment with that compa ny or use once they have left the company† (Proprietary Information & Competitive Intelligence). It is important that if you sign one of these as a HRM consultant, that you not violate this agreement when accepting a new position elsewhere.Discuss your approaches to customizing HRM strategy to business strategies To efficiently and effectively customize HRM strategies to business strategy, consultants must understand the meaning of strategy and human resource strategy. Strategy is, â€Å"coordinated choice and actions that provide direction for people and organization† and HR strategy is, â€Å"strategy that focuses on different ways of managing employees of an organization† (Stewart & Brown, 2012, p. 40). To be effective in his/her position as a consultant these to strategies must be in alignment and work cohesively together.HRM consultants can do this in three ways: 1) Gather information about their client, 2) Analyze that information and make necessary decisio ns, and 3) Implement the decisions that they have made (Stewart & Brown, 2012, p. 41). As the HR consultant following these steps while looking at the current business strategy and accessing how to incorporate the two so I could effectively manage my client’s needs as it relates to them personally. Emphasize the importance of establishing HRM strategies to improve a competitive advantage It is important that HRM consultants create a strong and sound strategy to keep and gain the competitive advantage.By successfully implementing good HRM strategies, companies can provide excellent talent and improve by staying current on the latest technologies and other information talent (Welcome to HR Consultants, Inc. , 2009). This will allow clients to increase productivity within the organization; which in turn will increase profits. The greatest organizations realize that effectively managing the HRM strategies and know that employees are their greatest asset and that they are importan t to their survival.A sound understanding of HRM strategies will allow clients to keep their competitive advantage (Welcome to HR Consultants, Inc. , 2009). Reference Proprietary Information & Competitive Intelligence. (n. d. ). Retrieved from The University of Texas at Austin: http://www. lib. utexas. edu/engin/guides/proprietary. html Stewart, G. L. , & Brown, K. G. (2012). How is straregy formulated. In G. L. Stewart, & K. G. Brown, Human Resouce Management (p. 40). Hoboken: John Wiely & Sons, Inc. Welcome to HR Consultants, Inc. (2009). Retrieved from HR Consultants, Inc: http://hrconsults. com/

Autobiography: three of my childhood memories

In this talk I'm going to discuss three of my childhood memories. These things are very special to me and I've treasured them mentally and physically throughout my life. I'd like to start with a book, this book is called ‘Better days'. The moral of this book is to never give up trying in life, it describes a boy's childhood. The boy is called Tom and he was abused by his family, he was brutally beaten and his parents treated him like filth. But one day he thought that life was about happiness and dreams so he decided to stand up to what he believes in. Unfortunately his wicked parents did not agree and he continued getting beaten. This fragile and disturbed boy wanted to be a teacher, he wanted the opportunity to help children with their education and most of all he wanted to teach children that life is like a drop of rain, you can see it for a moment but eventually it goes. Throughout the story it describes Tom's feelings towards others, he was a kind and considerate person, even to his parents but most of all he never stopped believing in hope.  Like read about memories? Read also  Flashbulb memory! This story stays close to my heart because it shows that anyone can be who they want to be, but the only way to live that dream is to stick with it and never give up. This story is also an inspiration in my life and it has taught me to never give up believing. Now I'm going to describe a song which to me feels really emotional, it is by a rapper called 2 Pac and the song is called ‘Changes'. This song is about life and how life itself copes with changes. When I listen to this song it reminds me of September 11th because I think that tragic day changed the world for ever. It involved war on other countries and it has ruined many people's lives. When I compare the song and that day of September 11th I think to myself that the world is very cruel and the people of the world are very cruel to each other. Didn't God say ‘love each other like I have loved you ?'; well to me I think the world has broken that promise. This song will stay with me throughout my life and it reminds me to be kind to others and to settle things with peace and not war. Finally, this brings me to my last memory and that is an object that has been with me all my life. It would have to be my flannel. You are probably thinking ‘why a flannel'. Well it may not be an expensive object but as long as it is yours it's priceless. When I was born I had this flannel by my side in hospital, it was just something to amuse and comfort me but from that day on I couldn't go anywhere with out it. This small flannel reminds me of my whole life and it symbolizes me as an individual.

Siege of Leningrad in World War II

Siege of Leningrad in World War II The Siege of Leningrad took place from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944, during World War II. With the beginning of the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, German forces, aided by the Finns, sought to capture the city of Leningrad. Fierce Soviet resistance prevented the city from falling, but the last road connection was severed that September. Though supplies could be brought across Lake Ladoga, Leningrad was effectively under siege. Subsequent German efforts to take the city failed and in early 1943 the Soviets were able to open a land route into Leningrad. Further Soviet operations finally relieved the city on January 27, 1944. The 827-day siege was one of the longest and costliest in history. Fast Facts: Siege of Leningrad Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944Commanders:AxisField Marshal Wilhelm Ritter von LeebField Marshal Georg von KÃ ¼chlerMarshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheimapprox. 725,000Soviet UnionMarshal Georgy ZhukovMarshal Kliment VoroshilovMarshal Leonid Govorovapprox. 930,000Casualties:Soviet Union: 1,017,881 killed, captured, or missing as well as 2,418,185 woundedAxis: 579,985 Background In planning for Operation Barbarossa, a key objective for German forces was the capture of Leningrad (St. Petersburg). Strategically situated at the head of the Gulf of Finland, the city possessed immense symbolic and industrial importance. Surging forward on June 22, 1941, Field Marshal Wilhelm Ritter von Leebs Army Group North anticipated a relatively easy campaign to secure Leningrad. In this mission, they were aided by Finnish forces, under Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, which crossed the border with the goal of recovering territory recently lost in the Winter War. Field Marshal Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb. Â  Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-L08126 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 The Germans Approach Anticipating a German thrust towards Leningrad, Soviet leaders began fortifying the region around the city days after the invasion commenced. Creating the Leningrad Fortified Region, they built lines of defenses, anti-tank ditches, and barricades. Rolling through the Baltic states, 4th Panzer Group, followed by 18th Army, captured Ostrov and Pskov on July 10. Driving on, they soon took Narva and began planning for a thrust against Leningrad. Resuming the advance, Army Group North reached the Neva River on August 30 and severed the last railway into Leningrad (Map). Finnish Operations In support of the German operations, Finnish troops attacked down the Karelian Isthmus toward Leningrad, as well as advanced around the east side of Lake Ladoga. Directed by Mannerheim, they halted at the pre-Winter War border and dug in. To the east, Finnish forces halted at a line along the Svir River between Lakes Ladoga and Onega in East Karelia. Despite German pleas to renew their attacks, the Finns remained in these positions for the next three years and largely played a passive role in the Siege of Leningrad. Cutting Off the City On September 8, the Germans succeeding in cutting land access to Leningrad by capturing Shlisselburg. With the loss of this town, all supplies for Leningrad had to be transported across Lake Ladoga. Seeking to fully isolate the city, von Leeb drove east and captured Tikhvin on November 8. Halted by the Soviets, he was not able to link up with the Finns along the Svir River. A month later, Soviet counterattacks compelled von Leeb to abandon Tikhvin and retreat behind the River Volkhov. Unable to take Leningrad by assault, German forces elected to conduct a siege. The Population Suffers Enduring frequent bombardment, the population of Leningrad soon began to suffer as food and fuel supplies dwindled. With the onset of winter, supplies for the city crossed the frozen surface of Lake Ladoga on the Road of Life but these proved insufficient to prevent widespread starvation. Through the winter of 1941-1942, hundreds died daily and some in Leningrad resorted to cannibalism. In an effort to alleviate the situation, attempts were made to evacuate civilians. While this did help, the trip across the lake proved extremely hazardous and saw many lose their lives en route. Trying to Relieve the City In January 1942, von Leeb departed as commander of Army Group North and was replaced by Field Marshal Georg von KÃ ¼chler. Shortly after taking command, he defeated an offensive by the Soviet 2nd Shock Army near Lyuban. Beginning in April 1942, von KÃ ¼chler was opposed by Marshal Leonid Govorov who oversaw the Leningrad Front. Seeking to end the stalemate, he began planning Operation Nordlicht, utilizing troops recently made available after the capture of Sevastopol. Unaware of the German build-up, Govorov and Volkhov Front commander Marshal Kirill Meretskov commenced the Sinyavino Offensive in August 1942. Marshal Leonid Govorov. Public Domain Though the Soviets initially made gains, they were halted as von KÃ ¼chler shifted troops intended for Nordlicht into the fight. Counterattacking in late September, the Germans succeeded in cutting off and destroying parts of the 8th Army and 2nd Shock Army. The fighting also saw the debut of the new Tiger tank. As the city continued to suffer, the two Soviet commanders planned Operation Iskra. Launched on January 12, 1943, it continued through the end of the month and saw the 67th Army and 2nd Shock Army open a narrow land corridor to Leningrad along the south shore of Lake Ladoga. Relief at Last Though a tenuous connection, a railroad was quickly built through the area to aid in supplying the city. Through the remainder of 1943, the Soviets conducted minor operations in an effort to improve access to the city. In an effort to end the siege and fully relieve the city, the Leningrad-Novgorod Strategic Offensive was launched on January 14, 1944. Operating in conjunction with the First and Second Baltic Fronts, the Leningrad and Volkhov Fronts overwhelmed the Germans and drove them back. Advancing, the Soviets recaptured the Moscow-Leningrad Railroad on January 26. On January 27, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin declared an official end to the siege. The citys safety was fully secured that summer, when an offensive began against the Finns. Dubbed the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive, the attack pushed the Finns back towards the border before stalling. Aftermath Lasting 827 days, the Siege of Leningrad was one of the longest in history. It also proved one of the costliest, with Soviet forces incurring around 1,017,881 killed, captured, or missing as well as 2,418,185 wounded. Civilian deaths are estimated at between 670,000 and 1.5 million. Ravaged by the siege, Leningrad had a pre-war population in excess of 3 million. By January 1944, only around 700,000 remained in the city. For its heroism during World War II, Stalin designed Leningrad a Hero City on May 1, 1945. This was reaffirmed in 1965 and the city was given the Order of Lenin.

Fee-Based Higher Education Essay

Fee-Based Higher Education Essay Fee-Based Higher Education Essay Education plays a significant role in human life. People spend about 12 years at schools, and about 4-6 years in colleges. Almost everyone, sooner or later, confronts the issue of continuing his education. Some people go to a college just in order to get a formal document – a bachelor diploma. Others relate to future profession as a matter of the whole life, connecting their future with education. The development of human capital is the basis of the modern industry of higher education. If education is the most valuable wealth, then, what is the level of its availability? Does one have to pay for his education, or is it the duty of the state? I consider that higher education has to be fee-paid because in this case it would increase the authority of higher education and its quality. In the recent time, education in colleges, as private, as state ones, becomes more and more expensive. In the USA, tuition fee varies from five to forty thousand dollars per year. Although, poor students are given generous scholarships, they are often not enough for the students of the middle classes, whose family lose most of their income. However, I consider that higher education has to be fee-based on several main reasons. The obvious argument and example of this fact is the comparison of secondary and higher education in the USA. Secondary education, which is free of fee and general, does not get even an average level. Meanwhile, the higher education, which is fee-paid and expensive, is one of the best in the world. Thus, it is impossible to provide a high-qualified free education in the country of such size. In some European countries, where education is free, the level of taxes is very high. It leads to the conclusion that education is good in the countries where the taxes are very high, or where education is fee-paid. Such American universities as Harvard University (Cambridge, Massachusetts), Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut), Stanford University (Stanford, California), Princeton University (Princeton, New Jersey), are among the best universities over the world. These educational establishments have been recognized as ones of the best over the globe. Meanwhile, education is very expensive there. For example, the fee for education can get about forty thousand dollars per year and more in Harvard University. This fact proves that the most high-qualified education is fee-paid. Such education is valuable and respected in every place. The fee-paid education significantly reduces the availability of higher education. When a person pays serious money for something, then he would take it much more responsible. The opponents of fee-paid higher education state that if higher education is fee-paid, then, it would not be available to everyone. It means that people from poor or middle-class families will not have a possibility to get a higher education. I consider that quality of education will be better, than general education, which is presupposed for everybody. First of all, higher education is not necessary for everyone. People, who want to get a job, are used to go to the colleges. Meanwhile, the employers usually demand higher education, not because it is really necessary for them, but because it has become common. The vast majority of people do not use higher mathematics in the work. They even very rarely use the high school level math. How many times have you applied mathematical integral in the work? Of course, if you are not an engineer or a scientist. Nowadays, higher education is the usual formality. But its not explained that education is bad, and that only a small percentage of people working in the certain areas, really need it. Many vacancies demand only the fact of the presence of higher education. Very often they do not even specify the area, in which it was obtained or success in the study. In many new areas, employers do not even need the higher education, and they are not interested in the formal education. For example, in the field of the informational technologies, the specialists only can show their professional knowledge and abilities to get the job. So, there are two main points, which prove that higher education has to be fee-paid. The first point is that higher education is not necessary for everyone. Most of the people use it only as formality, which devalues ​​the education system as a whole, creating a lot of mediocre educational establishments. The second point is that higher education works good when it is fee-paid. It is good for students, which receive a qualified service, and for the instructors, which get good salaries. Payment for higher education automatically creates its elite status. It does not mean its unavailability for everyone, but elitism, which causes a wish to pay for it. Higher education is a service, which can be consumed or not by a human according to the planned way of life. As any other service, which needs to be high quality, it has to be fee-paid. Visit essay writing service to get custom essays on Higher Education topics. Our writers guarantee high quality and plagiarism-free!

A Chinese Cinderella Autobiographi

No one acknowledges her or shows any heed and sympathy towards her. This relationship is shown in line 28 when she asks ‘Where is everyone? As no one comes to greet her when she arrives home, showing how they are uncaring towards her and do not regard her as family, not even welcoming her arrival or asked if she would like anything. It is almost as if she is a stranger, even to her biological father and siblings who continue to play ‘by the swimming pool’, no one caring about her coming back home. In addition, she is not informed about her family moving home when she asks her Father’s chauffeur in line 23 ‘Where are we? Her questions show her confusion and little knowledge on what has been happening at home pointing out that her family have not even bothered to write to her. Her other siblings and stepmother are ignorant to her arrival as if she is a stranger and worthless. Being sent to boarding school points out even more that they do not want anythi ng to do with her and would rather not see her because to them she is nothing. Adeline knows this herself as when Ma-mien Valentino calls her to tell her that her ‘chauffeur is waiting to take her home’ she thinks that someone has died because the last time she was called home it was only due to this reason and she begins to fear what might have happened. When she arrives the servants use a rude tone and do not care for her as much as they would for her stepsiblings showing the unfairness, even her father using a commanding tone when he meets his daughter after so long not even welcoming her but orders her to ‘Sit down’ instead. Her father does not regard her as his own daughter but uses her to improve his status with her achievements so when her father speaks to her she becomes timid and afraid, not trusting him when he shows her a little kindness, pointing out the distant relationship between Adeline and her family. Adeline’s character is somewhat cautious she doesn’t trust people too quickly, especially when it comes to the kindness from her family members as she is wary that they are playing a trick on her to make her feel miserable like they did all her life. Although she is not treated well by her family, she s clearly educated and this is shown when she wins a competition and quotes a poem to show her happiness. However, she is modest and keeps her happiness and excitement hidden, showing her timid and humble personality when she comes across her father and hiding what she feels even though it proved to be difficult but because she is clever and knows her father too well she did not want to miss the one chance she would have in a life time. She respects her father’s wishes as she would do anything to leave the place where she is unwanted though her strong personality keeps her distress that she suffered for years at bay. A Chinese Cinderella Autobiographi No one acknowledges her or shows any heed and sympathy towards her. This relationship is shown in line 28 when she asks ‘Where is everyone? As no one comes to greet her when she arrives home, showing how they are uncaring towards her and do not regard her as family, not even welcoming her arrival or asked if she would like anything. It is almost as if she is a stranger, even to her biological father and siblings who continue to play ‘by the swimming pool’, no one caring about her coming back home. In addition, she is not informed about her family moving home when she asks her Father’s chauffeur in line 23 ‘Where are we? Her questions show her confusion and little knowledge on what has been happening at home pointing out that her family have not even bothered to write to her. Her other siblings and stepmother are ignorant to her arrival as if she is a stranger and worthless. Being sent to boarding school points out even more that they do not want anythi ng to do with her and would rather not see her because to them she is nothing. Adeline knows this herself as when Ma-mien Valentino calls her to tell her that her ‘chauffeur is waiting to take her home’ she thinks that someone has died because the last time she was called home it was only due to this reason and she begins to fear what might have happened. When she arrives the servants use a rude tone and do not care for her as much as they would for her stepsiblings showing the unfairness, even her father using a commanding tone when he meets his daughter after so long not even welcoming her but orders her to ‘Sit down’ instead. Her father does not regard her as his own daughter but uses her to improve his status with her achievements so when her father speaks to her she becomes timid and afraid, not trusting him when he shows her a little kindness, pointing out the distant relationship between Adeline and her family. Adeline’s character is somewhat cautious she doesn’t trust people too quickly, especially when it comes to the kindness from her family members as she is wary that they are playing a trick on her to make her feel miserable like they did all her life. Although she is not treated well by her family, she s clearly educated and this is shown when she wins a competition and quotes a poem to show her happiness. However, she is modest and keeps her happiness and excitement hidden, showing her timid and humble personality when she comes across her father and hiding what she feels even though it proved to be difficult but because she is clever and knows her father too well she did not want to miss the one chance she would have in a life time. She respects her father’s wishes as she would do anything to leave the place where she is unwanted though her strong personality keeps her distress that she suffered for years at bay.

Strictly confidential Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strictly confidential - Essay Example The memory stick which consists of information on all the 84,000 prisoners in England and Wales is now entirely investigated. It includes some release dates as well as information about 43,000 most intricate and persistence offenders as described by the Deputy Information Commissioner (Sky News, 2008). Out of the most likely consequences is the one that the criminals will bring legal acts next to the government and the taxpayer would have to pay for the injuries to the people who appear to be a bit contemptible for the reason of the government's inability. The loss of the memory stick with the details of the prisoners was initially reported to the government, by a London-based consulting company called the PA Consulting Group, with a contract to track the movement of the offenders through the criminal justice system (Burns, 2008). Classified information about almost 130,000 prisoners as well as dangerous criminals has been lost ... According to the Home Office, an internal report is supposed to be carried out in to the data security arrangements between the Home Office and its contractor, PA Consulting. 2.2 Identification of Stake-Holders The individuals or groups which are affected by the outcome of a decision are construed as stake-holders. Amongst the primary stake-holders are the prisoners and criminals whose information has been lost. Home-Office was responsible for the loss of the personal information. Secondly, the tax-payers are another group of stake-holders affected by the outcome. The secondary stake holders are the police force which is responsible for of guaranteeing the personal information of the prisoners. The stake-holders were supposed to safe-guard the confidential details of the prisoners and criminals which they failed to do. The data had been misplaced by the PA consulting group, which was supposed to track and examine the critical offenders in the JTrack programme. 3. Professional Codes The professional conducts do not seem to construe to the case discussed above for the reason that the people responsible for the misplacing of information did not uphold the reputation and good standing of the British Computer Society, and also, their profession in general. Moreover, they did not seek to participate in the improvisation of the professional gradations through participation in their development, usage as well as implementation. The British Computer

The Turk Chess Automaton Hoax and why it was done Research Paper

The Turk Chess Automaton Hoax and why it was done - Research Paper Example Von Kempelen created this machine after attending Maria Theresa’s court, where there was an act of illusion being performed. Von Kempelen promised himself that he would return to the Palace with a creation that would top all of the other illusionists’ acts he had seen. This is exactly what he did. He created a machine with a life-size model of a Turkish man in traditional costume. Its left arm held a long Turkish pipe while the right arm lay on top of a cabinet. Atop this cabinet was the chessboard and the cabinet had three doors, an opening and a drawer, which held a red and white chess set (Standage, 24). The design of the machine was intended to leave observers confused as to how it worked. When opened, it had a variety of gears similar to a clock on one side, while on the other it had a cushion and other brass parts. It was intended that onlookers could see through the machine, which helped to maintain the illusion that von Kempelen was trying to sustain. He further goes on with the presentation with a sliding operator’s seat, which when slid caused the gears of the machine to come into view. This allowed for furthering the illusion, as it kept the operator invisible (Standage, 24-27). To continue the misdirection even further than this, the arm of the Turk could be moved with a lever, opening and closing his hand in suit with the lever’s operation. ... The Turk debuted in 1770, about six months after the illusionists’ acts that von Kempelen had seen in Empress Maria’s court. He always went through an elaborate demonstration of the machine and all of its parts. He would open the doors and drawers and allow audience members to inspect the machine thoroughly. After this, von Kempelen would tell them that the Turk was ready for a game with a willing challenger. The Turk always used the white chess pieces and had the first move. The Turk had some movements that it could make, those being: nodding two times if he threatened his opponent’s queen, three times if he put the king in check. If the Turk’s challenger made an illegal move, the Turk could shake his head, put his opponent’s piece back, and move his own. To continually maintain this illusion even during play, von kempelen would wander around the room during the game and invited the audience to bring magnets, irons and other things to test if the m achine functioned through the use of magnetism or weighting (Standage, 203-204). Another aspect of the Turk’s exhibition was his ability to complete the knight’s tour, a complex and famous chess puzzle. This puzzle required that the player move his knight about the chessboard, landing on each square exactly one time. This was a great phenomenon to even the most experienced players, as most struggled with the knight’s tour but the Turk could complete it easily. The Turk was able to do this because of a pegboard used by the director inside the machine who also had a map of the puzzle, which he could follow (Standage, 203-204). The Turk traveled across Europe as its fame grew. Von Kempelen was more interested in other projects that he had going, thus often lying about the

Qatar sporting legacy Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15000 words

Qatar sporting legacy - Dissertation Example Having won the bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup made Qatar the highlight of sports news, as the nation continues to establish and consolidate its position as a prime sporting destination. In line with the economic potential of hosting local and international sports events, the present study aims to determine the social, political and economic factors as the foundation that helped build Qatar's sporting legacy. A qualitative approach has been utilized, wherein data collection was processed using interview responses as primary sources, whereas journals, and the like, have been used as secondary sources. The study focused on answering the questions, (1) Can Qatar be a viable venue for holding sports events (2) Does Qatar have the necessary sporting infrastructure, economic and political stability to sustain its sporting legacy on a long term basis, (3) Can other Asian countries sustain a sporting legacy, similar to what Qatar has done. The researcher was able to determine that Qatar has the resources and the capacity to become a prime venue for holding both international and local sports events, as well as sustain its sports legacy on a long term basis. This is due to the country’s stable economic and political state, as supported by the nation's passion towards sports. It has also been found that other Asian economies would only be able to emulate Qatar's sporting legacy, given that the factors necessitated in creating one would be present. Chapter 1 Introduction Sports stand to command a pivotal place in Qatar’s social and national life. One primary reason behind this phenomenon is the fact that people in the Middle East do have a special predilection for outdoor activities. The sports legacy of Qatar is a unique mix of the new developments as well as the age old traditions. This is why, since the last two decades, the government of Qatar has embarked on a unique policy to promote the local and international sports in Qatar (QSC, 2010). The primary thrust of this policy is to introduce and support new sports like golf, soccer and tennis, while at the same time encouraging traditional sports like camel racing and horse racing. There is no denying the fact that modern Qatar can proudly boast of some of the best, world class sports facilities. Qatar not only intends to promote sports within the country, but also aspires to evolve into a popular tourist destination. The hosting of international sports events and competitions by Qatar has stimulated and enhanced the interest of the local population in sports (QSC, 2010). The awarding of 2022 FIFA World Cup to Qatar came as a surprise to most of the Asians, Americans and Europeans. However, the fact is that this Gulf

Benefits Of Efective Leadership in 21st Century Organisation Dissertation

Benefits Of Efective Leadership in 21st Century Organisation - Dissertation Example Directive behavior focuses on such tasks as monitoring, instructing, goal-setting and scheduling, while supportive behavior revolves around activities along the lines of encouraging employees and hearing them out on their concerns (Wart 2007). 46 Leadership The dictionary meaning of leadership is â€Å"the ability to lead† (Rost, 1993, p.41). â€Å"Everyone talks about it; few understand it. Most people want it; few achieve it† (Maxwell, 2005, p.1). This phrase may be true for some who have the desire to be a leader and thus when one tries to define this concept; he/she gets emotional and develops a definition that is more specific to his/her own though process. As a result, there are several definitions for leadership that reflect different views of the researchers. In this respect, James C. Georges from ParTraining Corporation has said, â€Å"What is leadership? Remove for a moment the moral issues behind it, and there is only one definition: Leadership is the abilit y to obtain followers† (Maxwell, 2005, p.1). However, this definition was opposed by others as they do not consider leadership mere the ability to get followers; for them it is the ability to achieve position. Such thinks correlate leadership with rank, position and title. According to them a person who has achieved a status in the organisation/society is a leader. In the real world such definition suffers with two major problems: a person who considers him/herself as a leader because of the status, he/she has to face frustration of some of the followers. Again, there may be people who do not enjoy high status and thus they don’t even try to develop leadership qualities in them. Edwin H. Friedman explained that â€Å"leadership can be thought of as a capacity to define oneself to others in a way that clarifies and expands a vision of the future† (Robinson & Rose, 2004, p.2). As per this definition, leadership is not a position; rather it is a role to be played by the leader. It should be regardless of one’s education, experience and position within the organisation. A leader should act like a facilitator and assist the followers to achieve the common goal. Different types of leadership There are several leaders who possess contradictory characteristic and leadership style. One such example can be Adolf Hitler and Mahatma Gandhi. Both of them had a very different leadership style but no doubt they both were successful leaders. Therefore, leadership can be of different type. On time to time, researchers proposed several theories and explained different types of leadership as per these theories. Before explaining different type of leadership style, it is essential to discuss theories of leadership. Some of the vital theories related to leadership have been discussed below. History of Leadership The history of leadership is years old; from early days human were interested to identify the factors that results in a famous and successful le ader. Out of this curiosity people conducted different research and identified some factors that can be easily noticeable

Natural Disasters Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Natural Disasters - Research Paper Example Although to date, it is still not very clear that Pakistan’s relief efforts were a success or not because of the excessive obstacles created against government, policy makers and humanitarian organization by the lack of communication and transport, but rehabilitation and rescue services started as soon as the underground eruption hit the area Name of the student: Name of the teacher: Course number: Submission date: Even after six years, Pakistan is still enduring impacts of the massive earthquake occurred on the morning of October 8, 2005. Pakistan is a sovereign Islamic state in South Asia. Its northern areas consists of lush green valleys, mountains, ice cold lakes, fruit laden orchards and flower laden slopes. With its rich historical past, these areas serve as heaven of relaxation for tourists as depicted in figure 1 and 2. Figure 1 Valley of Kashmir FIGURE 2: Valley of Swat On the morning of October 8, 2005 at 8:50 A.M local time, these areas were hit by a massive earthqu ake. The magnitude of the earthquake was Mw =7.6 which was the strongest earthquake in the last 100 years in the area. It hit the Himalayan Region of the Northern Pakistan and Kashmir. ... Figure 3 illustrates the situation of the city before and after the event. Figure 3: City of Balakot: Before and After Destruction The initial death toll, according to media reports, was 30,000 people killed only in Kashmir with42, 397 people injured and 200 army soldiers killed on duty. Completely destroyed areas included the city of Muzaffarabad and Balakot, which turned into a plain piece of land after the quake. (Pakimp3,2005). The government’s official death toll is 75,000 whereas, USGS states 86,000 people’s death with 69,000 injured including extensive damage in northern Pakistan. Various other Northern areas of the state were also badly affected such as Gilgit, Baltistan, Swat and Khyber province of Pakistan. Major cities such as Rawalpindi, Islamabad were also affected. A 10- story residential building in Islamabad, named Margalla Towers collapsed completely, killing almost all of the occupants. The death toll grew significantly after the actual event due to ha rsh weather and difficulties in the support services. Severity of the destruction of earthquake is not completely attributed to the severe up thrust in the land plates but poor construction also played a major role in spreading the destruction. As figure 4 and figure 5 show an example of poor construction in the capital city of the country. FIGURE 5: Margalla Towers collapsed due to construction defects The severe shaking was not the limit of this massive natural disaster but aftershocks, landslides and rock falls also rocked the devastated areas a number of times for several weeks. Land sliding was the main feature of this event and earthquake triggered a band of landslidings along the fault rupture trace. These

Domestic and Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Domestic and Foreign Policy - Essay Example According to the paper after the Spanish American war, the Americans wanted peace and stability of mind. Undoubtedly, the US could remain as an isolationist as it continued to expand outward. Even looking back at history, the country’s attempt to remain an isolationist during both World War II was not susceptible. The US verily had to enter both World Wars since it became a leader in the Western frontier. The United States returned to isolationist foreign policy since domestic problems plagued the country. Furthermore, Europe was in chaos itself and the US could not afford to indulge itself in such petty issues. However, one can argue that the isolationist policy did have some ramifications towards American diplomacy. The United States embodied the foreign policy of isolationism into an international role because it wanted to strengthen its capitalistic economy, address reform, acknowledge immigration and continue to pursue its beautiful American dream even though it lost thre shold in foreign affairs. The roots of isolationism were well established years before independence. A brilliant testament towards this theory can be clearly seen through the decision of the Continental Congress to reject help from France during the War of 1812. The notion of America to remain independent was because of the exerted influence by the forefathers and Thomas Paine’s Common Sense. During the 1800s, the United States expanded its horizon in North America and commenced to build an empire in the Caribbean and the Pacific with its traditional isolationistic policy. It fought the  Mexican War and the  Spanish-American War  without assistance from any other nations. Thus, the isolationism theory that oozed out of American diplomacy can be traced as far as the colonial era. The Monroe doctrine was one of the most pivotal documents that embodied the non- interventionist policy that dominated American affairs.

Natural Disasters Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Natural Disasters - Research Paper Example Although to date, it is still not very clear that Pakistan’s relief efforts were a success or not because of the excessive obstacles created against government, policy makers and humanitarian organization by the lack of communication and transport, but rehabilitation and rescue services started as soon as the underground eruption hit the area Name of the student: Name of the teacher: Course number: Submission date: Even after six years, Pakistan is still enduring impacts of the massive earthquake occurred on the morning of October 8, 2005. Pakistan is a sovereign Islamic state in South Asia. Its northern areas consists of lush green valleys, mountains, ice cold lakes, fruit laden orchards and flower laden slopes. With its rich historical past, these areas serve as heaven of relaxation for tourists as depicted in figure 1 and 2. Figure 1 Valley of Kashmir FIGURE 2: Valley of Swat On the morning of October 8, 2005 at 8:50 A.M local time, these areas were hit by a massive earthqu ake. The magnitude of the earthquake was Mw =7.6 which was the strongest earthquake in the last 100 years in the area. It hit the Himalayan Region of the Northern Pakistan and Kashmir. ... Figure 3 illustrates the situation of the city before and after the event. Figure 3: City of Balakot: Before and After Destruction The initial death toll, according to media reports, was 30,000 people killed only in Kashmir with42, 397 people injured and 200 army soldiers killed on duty. Completely destroyed areas included the city of Muzaffarabad and Balakot, which turned into a plain piece of land after the quake. (Pakimp3,2005). The government’s official death toll is 75,000 whereas, USGS states 86,000 people’s death with 69,000 injured including extensive damage in northern Pakistan. Various other Northern areas of the state were also badly affected such as Gilgit, Baltistan, Swat and Khyber province of Pakistan. Major cities such as Rawalpindi, Islamabad were also affected. A 10- story residential building in Islamabad, named Margalla Towers collapsed completely, killing almost all of the occupants. The death toll grew significantly after the actual event due to ha rsh weather and difficulties in the support services. Severity of the destruction of earthquake is not completely attributed to the severe up thrust in the land plates but poor construction also played a major role in spreading the destruction. As figure 4 and figure 5 show an example of poor construction in the capital city of the country. FIGURE 5: Margalla Towers collapsed due to construction defects The severe shaking was not the limit of this massive natural disaster but aftershocks, landslides and rock falls also rocked the devastated areas a number of times for several weeks. Land sliding was the main feature of this event and earthquake triggered a band of landslidings along the fault rupture trace. These

Atticus Finch - To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example for Free

Atticus Finch To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Throughout chapters 1-17 in To Kill A Mockingbird, Atticus Finch is shown as a very courageous and non-judgemental person. At times in the book he is also a very caring father but he can be strict at times. His name, Atticus is also a very polite man and always shows courtesy to the people he meets. Many people that live in Maycomb know Atticus is a gentleman and is very polite. He also has a conscience when he says that if he didn’t defend a Negro then he would be ashamed and wouldn’t be able to hold his head up in town. Harper Lee portrayed Atticus as a very courageous man. Atticus is courageous because he takes up a case no one else dares to take, the Tom Robinson case. He was willing to risk his honour and dignity to help the poorly accused black man. Although he gets a lot of abuse from various people, for example Mrs Dubose when she says, â€Å"Atticus is a nigger-lover†, he still doesn’t step down from the case and ignores people. He even put his Children in the way when Scout nearly gets in to a fight against Cecil Jacobs when Cecil Jacobs says that â€Å"Scout Finch’s daddy defends niggers†. Scout even takes abuse from her own family when her cousin, Francis, says that Atticus is a â€Å"nigger-lover† which really puts Scout on edge and she starts a fight with Francis. Atticus is also a very non-judgemental person and will always look at things from both sides of the story. In chapter 3 Atticus says, â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view until you climb into his skin and walk around in it†. Here, Atticus is saying that you can’t judge something until you see things from their point of view, until you see what they’re experiencing. Atticus is a very caring father but a strict one too. He is very caring when Scout comes home from her first day in school and complains that Miss Caroline (the teacher) doesn’t want Atticus and Scout reading together any more. Atticus decides to make a deal with Scout, â€Å"If you’ll concede the necessity of going to school, we’ll go on reading every night just as we always have†. This shows that he cares about Scout concerns and decides to make a deal to make her happy. Although caring he is also a strict father and when Jem loses her cool and destroys Mrs Dubose’s flowers he makes Jem go back and apologies. To do something like this to a sick lady is inexcusable. I strongly advise you to go down and have a talk with Mrs Dubose†. As well as a good father he is also a very polite and well-mannered man. For example, in the court trial with Mayella, Atticus wouldn’t call her Mayella but Miss Mayella but Mayella took it like Atticus was mocking her. Judge Taylor had to calm her down by saying, â€Å"Mr Finch is always courteous to everybody†. This is saying that Atticus is always polite and courteous to everyone he meets. He is also very polite to Mrs Dubose even though Mrs Dubose shout insults to him every time he walks by. Atticus would sweep off his hat, wave gallantly to her and say, ‘Good evening, Mrs Dubose! You look like a picture this evening. ’† This shows that even though Mrs Dubose is horrid to him, he still says hello and is polite to her. Atticus is also very aware of his own reputation and tries to be morally good as much as he can be. He does this by helping Tom Robinson in a case they would probably lose. Scout asks him why he is defending Tom Robinson and Atticus replies, â€Å"The main one is that if I didnt, I couldnt hold my head up in town†. This shows he has morals that he follows so that he can have respect not for others but himself as well. Throughout chapters 1-17 Atticus is shown as a courageous person. As well as being courageous he is non-judgemental especially when he says, â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view until you climb into his skin and walk around in it†. Atticus is also portrayed as a caring father when Scout is having trouble at school; Atticus is there to support her. Harper Lee has overall made Atticus a very polite, wise and respected man in To Kill A Mockingbird.

Schools of Thought on Strategic Management

Schools of Thought on Strategic Management Strategies are among the most crucial key of an organization in order to accomplishing their specified goals and objectives. According to Mintzberg H Quin B (1997, p39) Strategy is the pattern plan that incorporates an organizational goal, policies and action successions at large. Hence, managers or the top level of an organization require to be very deliberate when choosing the strategy for them to put through in the market, to endure and to win their Rivals. In this assignment, the school of strategies which include planning school, culture school and positioning school of Minztberg will be examined to show these strategies were put into action to help organization be more active in the global market. This assignment also exemplifies some international theories which are Porters diamond, five forces and product life cycle of an organization by analyzing Tesco Plc case. School of Strategies overview It is undeniable that strategical evolution is the fundamental element for the endurance and success of every business. Evidently, each organisation ought to have appropriate strategies and conform it to the conditions that come up in a competitory market. Turner (2003) stated that in an attempt to channelize those whose task it is to put strategy into exercise, Henry Mintzberg, el at (1998) Depicted the process of a strategy campaign and has keyed out ten schools of thought in respect of strategy evolution. These schools have changed in popularity overtime. The ten different schools were separated into the groups of prescriptive, descriptive and synthesis. The difference point between the prescriptive schools and the descriptive ones is that the former concentrate on strategy preparation while the latter emphasize strategy development. The three prescriptive schools are considered the efficiency and constancy foundations which make directions as well as objectives for the growth of organisations. According to Stacey (2007), the three prescriptive schools are the design school, the planning school, the positioning school .These three schools become both profound and preconditioned factors of strategic development for each organisation.expanded to these schools, the different descriptive schools which are entrepreneurial school, the cognitive school, the learning school, the power school, the cultural school and the environmental school give deep insights in strategy preparation. All strategy views Acknowledge the relevancy of entrepreneurship. The last group is synthesis that comprises of the configuration school, which incorporates the aspects of all the other schools in terms of configurations or in term of transformations (Stacey, 2007). This school corresponds an attempt at integration which definitively recognizes the complexness of strategy. This assignment will take three schools which are the plamiing school, the culture school and the positioning school to analysis and apply to Tesco to show these models work and how an organisation apply these models to achieve their targets, objectives and be successful in global market. 2.1- The Planning School 2.1.1- Definition The planning school is a member ofthe prescriptive school which is normally more refer with how the strategy should be articulated instead of how they should be constituted. This model deals with consequences such as budgeting, scheduling and programming. Every business Demands to have program for them so to emergence and development, thus this model can be Implemented in many firms such as Tesco to help them be the global organisation. 2.1.2- Discussion Tesco was fotmd 1924 by Jack Cohen. Over many years, today, Tesco become one of the Biggest retailers in all over the world. How they become successful like theyre at present? They need to have a effective plan which is establish on predicting how the economic is going to be, what they prefer to be, what will be the market and so forth. The answer for these questions should be the planning school. Ftuthermore, the planning school retrospects the Ansoff Model which Tesco used to analyse their market and products. They want to be globalisation so they open Tesco in many countries of the world where they set up their products to acquire new markets. For example, Tesco opened stores in Japan where people prefer to buy fresh food each day, Hence, the existing hyper market formats dont meet the needs of local buyer. Tesco also has inducted big amount of money on product development. In following Ansoff marketing strategies, Tesco is attempting to increase number of customer and number of sales. This school also aspects intimately at the SWOT model, the internal strength weakness as well as the external opportunities and threat as mention in Marko Makipaa (2004). Tesco applied SWOT model which can tell them their strength such as branch name, national store network to evolve and win their challengers. It also shows them their weakness such as deficiency of Worldwide scale or menace of takeover to assist them find the way to tix it and to change it in near ihture. They recognised the extemal opportunities of Tesco can be beyond the sea growing market in Eastern Europe and Asia and financial service which might be a good opporttmity to focus on and to become progressively participate in global market. In addition to that, the threat of Tesco is the entry of Walt Mart, the evolving of local Sainsbury, etc. So by using the planning school which relates to Ansolf Model and SWOT analysis, an organisation will know the theories , plan for their new product and market , manage their budgeting, schedule, programme, select the best choices and methods to fit their aim and objectives. This model also antecedences its strategies by hierarchy. The long-run strategies is the ones, which are at highest order, accompanied by the average and then by short-term plan. 2.1.3- Limitation Nevertheless, while applying this model,company may be confronted by some disputes as this model comprises some issues which can impact on organisation. First of all, planners may focus too much on rendering newer strategical concepts, thus directing the current aims at sub standard level, amusing the attention from the original purpose directing to false beliefs. Risk is major issue in this model as people who apply these concepts could decide to try and Vie against rival challengers and therefore bring forth new strategies, which could be very risky as in Sadler P(2003). Second, planning school is all out forecast and anticipating future based on some strategies and current trend of economy, even so, it will be very diflicult and risky to make the decision and put through it before. Establishing strategy and decision on Supposition and doubts could due to the diverting the organisation original strategy and also disregard the organisations necessity of strategy. 2.2- The Culture school 2.2.1- Definition The cultural school is one of subclasses of descriptive schools. This school ascertains strategy Constitution as a corporate process. The approach of this school attempts to involve the several groups and sections within the company: strategy establishment is deemed a fimdamentally collective and combined process. The strategy thats formulated is a manifestation of the corporate culttue of the organisation. . This model centers on the all-important role the social procedures, opinions and values are playing in decision making and in strategy establishment. ln addition to this, it not only explains opposition to strategic change but helps to deal with paramount values in organisations or in regions also. 2.2.2- Discussion The culture of Tesco plays a critical part in the company; this is a great deal of concerned about the way in which people in the organisation interact with one another. If people didnt interact Comfortably with one another, this could be bad for decision making; this could also lead to poor decision being induced. Tesco have a positive culture. The type of culture of Tesco is a customer ridden culture. Customer driven culture is everywhere in the business and makes a real effort to improve customer service, marketing research, hiring right people, and training. The business is trying to update the teclmology e- commerce. It also has a positive culture where staff and workers communicate well. They also respect change as chance than not a treat. Furthermore, the culture of Tesco is seen as a dynamic one. This is proved in the way a business is looking for a change how they work better, and always anticipating new ideas to attract more customers. 2.2.3- Limitation A apportioned dedication to beliefs encotuages consistency in an organisations behaviour, and Hence by admonishes changes in strategy. Its culture that profoundly accommodated opinions and understood asstunptions that act as powerful internal barriers to fimdamental change. Also, the vague of this model is main reason leading to opposition to change. It can be missed to justify the status-quo. Consequently, each organisations attention has also been addressed at how to overcome the strategy limitation of organisational culture. 2.3- The Positioning School 2.3.1- Definition The Positioning school is where the organisation can formulate its strategic position within the industry. Put differently, positioning is oneself in competitive strategy. This model ascertains strategy structure as an analytical development. Porter (1980) was the founder of the positioning school; he revolved around the formation of industries and their effect on strategies. The positioning approach looks at the companys place in the economic market lay whose goal is to differentiate the organisation from others within the same field. (Steward C, el at ,2005) 2.3.2- Discussion This model has been applied in many firms such as Tesco to help them to positioning itself in the market so that theyll situate out amongst the rest, and how to accomplish high profit than other firms through market position. Tesco use Porters five force analysis to empathise the competition. Porters Five Forces Model implies that business are being acted upon by five forces i.e. supplier power, threat of replacements, customer power, barriers to entry and competition. This model also entails that business requirement be able to be well aware of the industry Condition in which they function. For TESCO, their main challenger is ASDA. The competition is firm between the two food retail companies as healthy as with others like Sainsbury. ASDA is possessed by WalMart which is the leading grocery succession in the United States. They are famous for low priced items. This is among the reasons why people lean to go to their stores for their frequent shopping necessitates. When they expanded in the Great Britain, they brought by way of them their cost leadership strategy. This led to the similar success that theyve in the United States. All the same, TESCO was competent to preclude ASDA last year. How Tesco conquer ASDA using Porter strategy is explained as follows: According to Porter (1985), a business position is based on its strength and strength is classified into two cost advantage and distinction. When these strengths are applied, it Leaves aftermath to three generic strategies focus, distinction and cost leadership strategy. Out of these three generic strategies, cost leadership strategy plays a important undertaking in the achievement of TESCOs competitive benefit over ASDA. Cost leadership strategy means that the business is the low cost producer or supplier of a definite quality item in a Intended industry. 2.3.3- Limitation While considering the positioning school, manager or an organisation must aware of some limitation and taking into concern regarding it. First of all, the top level in hierarchy of an organisation will be the one who fonnulate the strategies whilst execution will be done by the lower level. This could induce the problem such as incompatibility. Managers could have sets of the ideal but they fail to interpret these ideal to lower levels and due to the Abortive execution. It also creates the de-motivation for their employees. (Susanne, R 2005). The additional problem of this model is its direction. Its a bit much constrict in that its just concerned in the information thats either economic or quantifiable. The social, technological or political which is really crucial information havent taken into consideration. This model also established on the anticipation of succeeding tendency by generalising the present tendency which alters quickly in the time period for variety of reason. If th e preceding and present trends are the only reference used to anticipate the succeeding trends, the strategies are really insecure to go wrong in execution. Whittington school of strategies Nevertheless, in notion of Whittington, schools of strategies are of four types and it will be poor if we discuss the strategic management without referring the theories of Whittington. Each theory presses out the disputes about human capability to think moderately and act more efficaciously. Once each manager straightaway confronts with these conflicts, he will be better able to examine their own action and eventually select which most common theory is most appropriate with their requirements. Hence, these four views are regarded as the crucial tools for strategic management of each business. Lets look at the figure below, well see the summary about the four more common theories: It can be easily to see that Tesco remain in evolutionary part since their strategy is to keep price low, do publicity and their choice open which can appeal increasingly customer come to them. Comparing the cost of Asda, Sainbury with Tesco , it always show that the cost in Tesco is very much lower and they also do more publicity than their rivals. Furthermore, people who come to Tesco to purchase something cheaper not only buy those particulars but they also buy the other things which they require. Therefore, even do more publicity and the price is cheaper, Tesco still persist their sales and budget. So, using this strategy is the right way for Tesco and they can be progressively successful in the time to come. All the same, by a systemic view, theres no better way of strategy: only play by the local rules. Its visible that the four approaches to strategy widely dissent in their advice to management. Realising and know how to enforce each approach in the business system are the fundamental factors which prompt each organisation to participate more actively in the global market. The succeeding part will be some strategies which Tesco applied or can be applied in Tesco to accomplish their goal and objectives. Global Retail Strategic Decision Among the most debatable trends in todays retail industry is globalization. The global arena has proved highly hard for numerous retailers over the preceding two Xs. Retailers Functioning in local marketplace is extremely acted upon by fluctuation in consumer behaviour. Newcomers in market such as Brazil, Indonesia and Thailand ascertain articulated deviations in consumer testes, purchasing behaviour and expense. Several retailers have tried and failed to establish themselves into Global marketplaces. This part of assignement will help in understanding and the preparation of global strategy for Tesco Plc. The section will use Porter 5 force, Porter Diamond strategy, Porter generic and PLC model analysis to render an penetration into Tescos position in the intenational market. This will help management in constituting to correct strategical selections in terms of corporate and global strategy to keep off the trouble which could come from unfamiliar of new environment of each countryy that Tesco expand into it, such as new customer, new supplier and new competitor. 4.1- Overview of Tescos Strategy The way Tesco PLC raise revenues is by trying to make Tesco more attractive to customers, so that more people prefer to shop with them. Theyre hading best for one simple reason: globally, millions more customers have chosen Tesco with 10 million more visits a week to their stores around the world. In 1997, when Tesco first exhibited their four part, strategy; a strong UK business, non-food, retailing services and international . at present they are a truly international retailer, with arising strength in non-food and retailing services. It appears that Tesco have opted a really beneficial strategy for international marketplace , as a matter of fact Tesco still have trouble when they expand business into some countries , for example in 2002 ;Tesco had went through troubles with expansion in Poland, Tesco faced with the economic problem and that make their cost higher to market presences. Another example in Taiwan (2000), Tesco was facing rivalry from the French titan Carrefour. These days, there are suppositions about Tescos withdrawal fiom Taiwan. From these abortive experience, Tesco realized that flourishing into new international markets is harder, Hence Tesco should be aware more about market competitory environment. Poters analysis is nevertheless useful in evaluating the competitive environment of firms these days. 4.2- Porters Five Force 4.2.1- Discussion According to Porter (1980), this model can be applied to many organisations. It postulates the external environment analysing and revolving around the structure of the industry. The objective of this type of analysis is to formulate a strategy that will enable firms to develop chances and protect them from threats. By executing so, can lead business firm competitive positioning. This concept is dividing by 5 force call Porters 5 force. The threat of entry of new competitors: In supermarket retailing, barriers to entry are high. High initial investment and fixed costs are likely to preclude many likely newbies. Additional barrier to entry is economies of scale. Tesco and other large supermarket are able to buy large bulks of goods in a lower price. In contrast, smaller new entry parties are more expected to buy smaller volumes of those goods at relatively higher prices. New firms also have to be aware that Tesco already have dedicated customers. The threat of replacements: Which, Tesco threat of replacements is high because product that Tesco sell same with to the other retailing shop. which is Tesco should examine to what extent its conceivable for customers to switch to the replacement. In such cases, Tesco should make certain that buyers gratified on their products or services. On the other hand, other companies in the same industry may choose to vie on price, which will bring down margins of profit. The bargaining power of suppliers: generally, most people have a option between another supermarket chains, who contend on price and several promotions. This can make supplier have high bargaining power. Nevertheless, Tesco is ascertaining the situation by not just order from one big supplier but by accepting a number of smaller ones. In counterpoint, the bargaining power of Tesco is expanded. If a specific supplier is committing too much, Tesco can switch to another supplier. The degree of competition between existing competitors: As we seen in the market at present that all main players in Global market as Carfoure and Wal-mart trying so hard for increase their market share. Therefore, the foodstuff market is especially challenging. 4.2.2- Challenges Tescos strategy, structure and competition are established on the framework. Its strategy is authorise, with development being acted on from four areas, the core UK grocery business, non-food, international expansion and retailing services such as financial services, the dotcom business and telecom packages. Essentially, Tesco is using its strong stable core to keep the business ticking over while it contrives new more hazardous areas of growth. 4.3- Porter Diamond strategy 4.3.1- Discussion With this strategy, the aim is to become the lowest-cost producer in the industry. Tescos sections in the industry are provided with the stress placed understating costs. If the accomplished asking price can at the least equal (or near) the average for the market, then the low-cost manufacturer will enjoy the most beneficial profits. This strategy is usually affiliated with mass businesses offering standard products with comparatively small distinction that are absolutely satisfactory to the bulk of customers. At times, a low-priced leader will also give up its product to maximize sales, specially if it has a substantial cost advantage over the competition and, in doing so, it can further step-up its market share. Tesco has established afresh affordable food line in its supermarkets as it gears up to take on discounters Aldi and Lidl. Tesco have to launch its own variants of the discounters products Within its existing stores. This way it hopes it can keep its existing customers happ y while hopefully appealing new ones. 4.3.2- Challenges As the firm aspects new situations and makes little errors through trial-and-error extending, management form more naturalistic percepts of the foreign market. The need for learning by doing at the local spacial level suggests that learning from the intemationalisation process will often be a gradual, iterative process .Tesco experienced that the opporttmity to grow a mass business in France was improbable to be accomplished under the current envirornnent where planning permit is difficult and accomplishment ratings are high. Consequently, Catteau was becoming less strategically significant. Tesco have leamed that advisors can only advise but thats all. Dont trust any investment bank today, when new decreasing, particularly in European Union or UK marketplaces demand is higher and higher, overall oil price and liquidity crisis will intensify and that will pull demand back. Tesco is foodstuff retailer, so as a whole food and agriculture industry faces hike and even peoples carrying on to feed their natural necessity. Maybe Tesco need to invest more to future food supplements. The other challenge for them is about technology as all major technology today is based on oil, gas or coal. Tesco like companies will close their door like last winter another UK retailer. Even E-commerce could be a focus for Tesco. 4.4- Product Life Cycle (PLC) 4.4.1- Discussion The PLC model is useful in explaining production models for some types of products, such as exchangeable consumer goods, but is less useful in anticipating future pattems, particularly in industries commanded by some global players. The framework presents dynamic comparative advantage. The country thats the comparative advantage in the production of the product changes from the innovating (developed) country to the growing countries. Tesco is ever expanding its business in order to keep up the rivalry to a very high level, so consequently, its critical that Tesco invest in fresh services and products so that customers demands are fulfilled. Tesco is an example of a large supennarket chain can use their customer dedication to broaden and extend their product array. Foodstuffs are always attending be the core product for Tesco but in their website or in their stores, it can be seen to find information on a range of other products completely unrelated to foodstuffs. Tesco is developing these new products and selling to their existing customer base to be able to enter these new markets. There is Tesco Finance and Insurance where access to apply for the Tesco credit card and savings account, products that in the past you would have approached the bank for. Tesco Direct is a catalogue shopping service and is seen as taking on conventional catalogue brands like Argos. By understanding the product life cycle, Tesco is able to identify new areas to move in. Presently Tesco has an electronic range of goods and services that they offer, but one thing they lack is low-cost laptops. Until now, Dell and PC World are the leading retailers of low-cost laptops. Tesco needs to buy quality laptops at a competitive price to maximize sales and increase productivity. 4.4.2- Challenges According to Daniels (2007) because of very rapid innovation, have extremely short life cycles, a factor that makes it impossible to accomplish cost simplifications by moving production fiom one country to another. As it has been told Tesco is a global retail market and still being globalized around the world. Hence, Tesco needs to move some products to a new market and an environment. In this case Tesco challenges it competitions by reducing its cost and removing products. There are plenty of difficulties in this competition such as making good research about environement to make a perfect anticipation about the best products which can be used to beat the competitors in the global market. Conclusion Properly speaking, all strategy schools and patterns are looked upon a tool for strategic information from an constitutive view and as a process for comprehending a number of different futurities for a company. This level sets the business firms goals and objectives and decides on its investments and the deployment of its resources. Thanks to applying strategic models in functioning, Tesco has took part more actively in the global market. it has proved by the success and development of Tesco in many countries in the world. References Books 1. By Marko Makipaa, The roles and types of business inhrmation in school of thought strategic management. Frontiers of e- business research Available at http://www.cs.uta.f1/isliulkaisut/2004/2004_Makipaa_2.pdf 2. Daniels J., Radebough L.H., Sullivan D. (2007), International Business: Environments And Operations, 11th edition, Pearson/Prentice Hall, New Jersey, Pg 221 3. Fernie J (2005), International Retailing, Vol 33 No 1, Emerald Group Publishing, Pg 36 4. Hill C. W. L.(2007), International Business: Competing In The Global Marketplace, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill International Edition, New Jersey, Pg 188 _ 5. Mintzberg H and Quinn B(l997), Strategic process, concept; context and case, European Edition, Prentice Hall 6. Mintzberg H, Ahlstrand B, Lampel J (1998), Strategy Safari The complete guide through the wilds of strategic management, Finance Times, Prentice Hall 7. Morrison J (2002), The International Business Environment. London, Palgrave 8. Porter E M (1985) Competitive Advantage, The Free Press , New York 9. Ttuner, P (2003), Organizational Communication: the role of the HR prokssional, Chartered Institute of Personnel Development, p69 10. Sadler P(2003), Strategic Management, 2d Edition, London, Kogan Pages. 11. Stacey, R D (2007), Strategic Management and Organizational Dynamics, Prentice Hall Financial Times, 5 Edition, p23 12. Stewart Clegg, Martin Kornberger, Tyrone Pitsis, (2005), Managing and Organizations. An Introduction to Iheoiy and Practice , Published by SAGE 13. Susanne Royer (2005), Strategic Management and Online Selling: Creating Competitive Advantage with Intangible Web Goods, Published by Routledge 14. Whittington, R (2003), What is strategy and does it matter, Thomson, 2d edition, p1O. Internet 15. http://www.accaglobal.com/documents/corporate_sector.pdt, date accessed on 29.01.09 16. http://bizcovering.com/international-business-and-trade/tesco-2/s date accessed on 16.02.09 17. http://wwvv.bizcovering.corn/international-Business-and-Trade/Tesco, date accessed -on 3-0.01.09 18. http://www.12manage.com access on 02.02 .2009 19. http://www.tesco.co.uk accessed on 28 .01. 2009 20. http://www.retailweek.com/News/2008/09/tesco__introduces__new_1owcost_food_offer .html , date accessed on 12.02.09 21. http://WWw.prneWswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=l5880, date accessed on 15.02.09 22. Tesco(2008), Annual Report and Financial Statement, date accessed on 23 .01. 2009, Available at http://wwW.tescoreports.com/downloads/teseo_report_i`1nal.pdf